Electric-arc lamp.



Patented luly 23, |90l. J. A. HEANY.

ELECTRIC ARC LAMP.

(Application filed Apr.

(No ModeL) No. 678,952. Patented luly 23, IQDI. J. A. HEANY. ELECTRIC RCLAMP. (Application led Apr. 30, 1901.)

3 Sheets-Shui 2.

(No Model.)

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No. 678,952.. Patented luly 23, IBUI. J. A. HEANY.

ELECTRIC ARG LAMP.

(Application filed Apr. 30, 1901.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

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JOHN A. HEANY, OF PHILADELPHIA,

- PATENT rare.

PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO THE TETER-HEANY DEVELOPING COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE AND CHARLES- TON, WEST VIRGINIA.

ELECTRlC-ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 678,952, dated July 23, 1901.

Application filed April 30, 1901.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. HEANY, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements'in Electric-Arc Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to an electric-arc 1o lamp, and in such connection it relates to the construction and arrangement of such a lamp.

The principal objects of my invention are, first, to provide in an electric-arc lamp an air-tight receptacle wherein the carbons are adapted to be consumed, an inner air-tight tube entering the receptacle wherein the upper carbon and its holder are adapted to slide, an outer air-tight tube concentric with the inner tube, a combined tubular solenoid-core 2o and clutch divided into two semitubular members or sections hinged together and having gripping-jaws adapted to traverse the wall of the inner tube, said core and clutch sliding and vibrating in the space between 2 5 the two tubes, and a solenoid-coil located ou tside the outer tube in open communication with the external air; second, to provide in an electric-arc lamp a combined tubular solenoid-core and clutch divided longitudinally 3o into two semitubular members or sections,

each member or section having a main portion or body of magnetizable material `carrying a clutch portion of non-magnetizable material; third, to provide in an electric-arc lamp two concentric tubes, a sectioned tubular solenoid-core constituting a feeding mechanism for one of the carbons, said core having'its sections pivoted together and adapted to slide and vibrate within the space between 4o the concentric tubes and provided ywith a gripping-jaw at one end of each of the sections, a downwardly beveled or tapered ring located within the space between the concentric tubes and in the path of the upper ends of the core-sections, said ring adapted to limit theupward movement of the tubular core and to force the upper ends of said sections outward and thereby move the lower ends inward during the upward movement of Serial No. 58,183. (No model.)

the core in the tubes, and an upwardly bev- 5o eled or tapered annular block located within the space between the tubes in the path of the lower or gripping. ends of the core-sections, said block adapted to force the lower or gripping ends of the core outward during the downward movement of the core in the tubes; fourth, to provide in an electric-arc lamp a tube wherein one of the carbons is adapted to slide, a rib arranged vertically along the wallof said tube, and a cap pro- 6o vided with a recess arranged to receive said rib, said cap sliding in the tube and guided vertically therein by said rib and said cap adapted to receive and retain the movable carbon, and, fifth, to provide in an electricarc lamp, in connection with a solenoid-coil, its core, and feeding mechanism for one of the carbons controlled by the core, a magnetic lag or drag -arranged in operative position with respect to the core to retard the 7o movement of the core in response to the solenoid-coil.

The nature and scope of my'invention will be more fully understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, forming part hereof, in which'- Figure l is a vertical sectional View of an electric-arc lamp embodying main features of my invention, the core and upper carbon be-' 8o ing illustrated as in their lowermost position. Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. l, but enlarged, and illustrating in detail a portion of the lamp with the core in'its uppermost position. Fig. 3 is an enlarged side elevational view of 85 the combined core and clutch. Fig. 4 is a view similarv to Fig. 2, the section being taken .at right angles to the section of Fig. 2. Fig.

5 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the members or sections ofl the combined core 9o and clutch. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional View taken on the line 6 6 of Fig. 4, and Fig. 7. is

a perspective view of the cap or holder for the movable carbon.

Referring to the drawings, a represents the upper or movable carbon, and b the lower or fixed carbon, of the lamp. These carbons a and b are arranged to be consumed in an airtight receptacle comprising a bell-shaped globe d and a plate or cover d', a ring d2 serving to unite the cover d and globe d. The carbon-holder b depends from the cover-plate d', from which it is properly insulated, into the globe and supports the carbon b in any suitable manner. The cover-plate d is xed in any suitable manner to one end of a tubular standard c, the other end of which is hermetically closed by a cap e, to which the hook e2 for supporting the lamp is secured in any desired way. The cap e and standard e are welded or otherwise attached to each other. Within the tubular standard e and concentric therewith is an inner tnbef, within which the upper carbon a is arranged to slide. The upper end of the tubefis closed to the entrance of air either by a separate piece f and the cap e or directly by said cap c', as preferred. Vithin the tubefis adapted to slide a cap or holder ct' for the upper carbon ct. As clearly illustrated in Figs. l, 2, and 7, this cap or holder ct is of inverted-cup shape to receive in its interior the upper end of the carbon a and has onv its external peripherya vertically-arranged groove or channel a2. The tube f has on its interior a vertically-arranged rib f3, preferably formed by creasing inward the wall of said tnbej", as clearly illustrated in Figs. 4 and 6. This -rib f3 forms a guide, on which the channeled portion a2 of the cup-shaped holder ct is adapted to slide to guide and maintain said holder a and carbon ain the required vertical plane during the up-and-down movement of the carbon and holder in the tubef. The holder a is provided with a pin or hook a3, to which is adapted to be secured one end of a flexible bond a4, the other end of which is secured tothe cap e. This bond a4 connects the holder a electrically with the vcap c. Upon the exterior of the tubular standard e is secured the tubular axis of the spool( uponwhich spool is wound the solenoid-coil g and, if desired, the required resistance. (Not shown.) Thecore ot' this solenoid-coil forms the means for feeding the upper carbon a. This core consists of two semitubular members g2, hinged together at g3 and arranged to slide up and down and to vibrate or oscillate upon their hinges g3 within the space formed between the tubular standard c and the inner tubef. Each member g2 consists of a main body portion g4, formed of iron or magnetizable material, the upper end of the portion g4 being inwardly beveled, as at g5. The lower or gripping-jaw portion gG of each member g2 is formed of brass or other similar non-magnetizable material. This gripping-jaw portion g has formed at its lower end an inwardlyprojecting tooth or lug Q7, and the base of the portion g is beveled inwardly, as at g8.

From the arrangement and construction hereinbefore described it follows that when the coil g is energized the upper or magnetizable portions g4 are first attracted toward the coil and away from the inner tubef and then the sections or members g2 are elevated. The outward movement of the upper portions g4 forces the lower gripping-jaws g(s inward to cause the teeth or lugs Q7 to bite into the carbon d. To permit these teeth or lugs Q7 to engage the carbon a, the lower end of the inner tubefis cut out, as at f4, (see Figs. l, 2, and 4,) so that the teeth gT may project through the slots fA1 thus formed and bite upon the carbon. The slots f are vertically elongated to permit the teeth Q7 to rise when the core-sections respond by an upward movement to the energized coil g. Upon the upward movement oi' the magnetic clutch or core sections g2 the inward or gripping movement of the lower or jaw portions g5 is insured by arranging in the space between the tubular standard e and inner tube f a downwardly beveled or tapered ring-piece h, on the tapered face of which the inwardly-beveled ends g5 of the portions g1 are adapted to ride to limit the upward movement of the coresections and to force said portions gl outward irrespective of the magnetic influence of the coil g upon the portions g4. This forcing of the portions g4 outward by the beveled ring h insures the forcing inward of the teeth or lugs f into most intimate contact with the carbon a. The carbon ais thus tightly secu red to the core-sections and will travel downward therewith until the teeth or lugs g? are loosened. In the downward movement ofthe core-sections the beveled lower edge qS of the jaw portions g are caused to ride upon the upwardly-beveled surface h' of an annular collar or block h2, which has its beveled surface extending into the space between the lower ends of the tubular standard e and iuner tube f. rlhe block 72,2 has a central opening, through which the carbon a is adapted to slide. This block h2 also serves to retain the inner tubefin concentric relationship with the outer tubular standard c, since it is arranged to receive and support the lower end ofthe said tube f. XVhen the clutch-core falls, the beveled lower ends of the grippingjaw sections g ride on the beveled surface of the block h2 and the sections g are forced outward to release the teeth or lugs QT from the carbon a. In connection with the foregoing arrangement and construction ot' parts there is provided a means for regulating or retarding the movement of the clutch-core g2 in response to the solenoid-coil. In the initial position of the parts before the current is turned on the carbons a and l) touch each other. The current now travels from the wire 'm through the solenoid-coil g', thence by the wire m to the tubular standard e and cap c', and thence by the bond c* to the cap or holder ct and carbon a. Now when both carbons touch the lamp is short-circuited, the current passing through both carbons a, and b and holder b to wire m2. This wire 'm' leads to the return-wire of the main circuit, and

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between it and said return-wire the usual resistance (not shown) is interposed. When so short-circuited, no arc or resistance between the carbons existing, the solenoid-coil g will be energized and the magnetic lines of force given out will rst attract the magnetizable portions of the clutch-core to cause the gripping-jaws to bite on the carbon, and then the clutch-core and carbon will be elevated. The clutch-core endeavors to center itself within the interior of the solenoid-coil g', which coil is so wound that the strength of its magnetic lines of force when energized will exactly balance the weight of the clutch-core and carbon. If the lamp is to be run on a certain voltage-say one hundred and ten voltsand is to consume four amperes with a resistance in series with the lamp of five and one-half ohms, and the arc to be formed is three-eighths of an inch, there will be at the arc a voltage of seventy-five volts. Commercially it is of importance to maintain the lamp during the period of its burning, with the exception of the feeding of the carbon, under the above couditions--that is, to maintain a steady uniuctuating consumption by the lamp of the current throughout the burning of the lamp, which necessarily will result in a steady light. If,'as heretofore was the case, the solenoid-core acts as both core and feeding mechanism, its unchecked response to the variations of energy in the solenoid-coil will cause the carbon to dance and the conditions to vary, thus causing a iickering unsteady light. Thus when the lamp is short-circuited, its carbons touching, the full force of the current enters the solenoid-coil g', and its energization will cause the core to rise instantly to a height which would give an arc at the carbons larger than the required three-eighths of an inch. The lamp will lnot then consume four amperes and the brilliancy of the arc will be correspondingly diminished. Again, if the energization of the coil be too strong and yet the elevation of the core be so limited that only an initial arc of three-eighths of an inch could be formed still the coil will continue to hold the core in its uppermost position until the arc is increased by the consumption of the upper carbon sufciently to break the circuit and to permit the clutch-core and carbon to fall. However, as the coil is usually so wound that it will balance its clutch-core when the unit of amperage (four amperes, for example) is consumed and the required arc (three-eighths of an inch) is formed the drawing of a larger arc will lessen the amount of current passing through the lamp, the coil-will lose a portion of its strength, and the core-clutch will fall until the required arc is restablished. If the lamp be so arranged that the movement of the upper carbon could be limited so that the size of the arc could not lexceed a certain limit and the resistance was adjusted so that the lamp running under one hundred and ten volts would normally consume, say, five amperes when the arc resistance is fixed, a rise in voltage to, say, one hundred and twenty volts would cause the amperage to rise, say, to six or seven amperes. 'Ihe xed arc in this instance would be too small for the amount of current passing through it, and under these circumstances there would be a rapid traveling or wavering of the arc and an increased consumption of energy. In my present construction of lamp these defects are avoided, for if there is a rise in the line-voltage the arc drawn will accommodate itself to the increased voltage, and if the voltage diminishes the arc will be drawn smaller to accommodate itself to the drop in potential in the line-voltage, and in either case the ampere consumption will be constant or uniform throughout the burning. To secure this regulation in the drawing of the arc, there is used a magnetic drag or lag which acts upon the magnetic clutch-core to retard its response to the solen oid-coil.

In the preferred form of regulator illustrated in the drawings below the solenoidcoil and surrounding the tubular standard e is fixed a piece r, of magnetic material or material adapted to be magnetized. The piece r is preferably ring-shaped and is located in close proximity to both the coil and the magnetic core-sections g4. The location of the piece r, the shape of the piece r, and the number of pieces r can be varied to suit particular constructions of lamps; but in all instances the piece or pieces must possess the function of controlling by magnetic action the response ofthe core-clutch to the solenoidcoil. In the instance shown in the drawings the ring r is magnetized by the magnetic lines of force lgenerated in the coil g and has a magnetic attraction for the magnetizable sections or portions g4 of the core-clutch. This attraction increases and decreases as the magnetic lines of force in the coil g increase or decrease, and the influence of the coil g' upon the core-sections g4, whether it is increased or decreased, is met by au opposing influence of the ring r to retard the response of the coresections, which opposing influence increases or decreases correspondingly to an increase or decrease of the influence of the coil g. The core-sections g4 are thus prevented from responding too rapidly to the coil, and hence the drawing of the arc is slower and more uniform and a uniform regulation of the lamp is obtained.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an electric-arc lamp, an air-tight receptacle wherein the carbons are adapted to be consumed, an inner air-tight tube entering the receptacle wherein the upper carbon and its holder are guided and adapted to IOO slide, an outer air-tight tube concentric with the inner tube,I a combined magnetic core and clutch divided into two semitubular members hinged together and provided with grippingjaws adapted to traverse the 4wall of the in` ner tube, said core and clutch sliding and vibrating in the space between the two tubes, anda solenoid-coil located outside the outer tube and in open communication with the external air.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, a tubular solenoid-core and clutch comprising two semitubular members hinged together and each member having a body portion formed ot magnetizable material and a gripping or clutch portion formed of non-magnetizable material.

3. In an electric-arc lamp, two concentrically-arranged tubes, a solenoid-coil surrounding the outer tube, a tubular core and clutch comprising two semitubular members hinged together and arranged to slide and to vibrate in the space between the tubes, each member having a body portion of magnetizable material, and a gripping or clutch portion of non-magnetizable material, and each clutch portion having a tooth or lug adapted to traverse the wall of the inner tube.

4. In an electric-arc lamp, two concentrically-arranged tubes, a solenoid-coil surrounding and supported by the outer tube, a carbon adapted to slide in the inner tube, and a combined clutch and core comprising two semitubular members hinged together and arranged to slide and vibrate in the space between the tubes, each member having a gripping-jaw adapted to traverse the wall of the inner tube and to engage the carbon.

5. In an electric-arc lamp, two concentrically-arranged tubes, a combined clutch and solenoid-core consisting of two semitubular sections hinged together and arranged to slide and to vibrate in the space between the tubes, cach section having at its lower end a gripping-jaw, a downwardly-beveled ring located within the space between the tubes and in the path of the upper ends of the core-sections, said ring adapted to limit the upward movement of the core-sections and to force the upper ends outward and the grippingjaws inward, and an upwardly-beveled annular block located within the space between the tubes and in the path of the lower ends of the core-sections, said block 4adapted to force the lower or gripping jaw ends of the sections outward during the downward movement of the core and clutch.

6. In an electric-arc lamp, two concentrically-arranged tubes, a solenoid-coil surrounding the outer of the tubes, a combined clutch and core consisting of two semitubular members hinged together and arranged to slide and to vibrate in the space between the tubes, each member having at its lower end a gripping-jaw adapted to traverse the wall of the inner tube, means located in the path of the upper ends of the core-sections and adapted to limit the upward movement of said sections and to force the upper ends of the sections outward and the lower ends inward, and means located below and in the path of the lower or gripping ends of the sections, said means adapted to force said gripping ends outward during the downward movement of the core-sections.

7. In an electric-arc lamp, an ai r-tight receptacle wherein the carbons are adapted to be .consumed and comprising a globe and a cover-plate, two concentric tubes joined at their lower ends to said cover-plate anda cap hermetically closing the upper ends of both tubes, a holder and carbon adapted to slide in the inner tube, a iieXible bond electrically connecting the holder to the cap, a combined solenoidcore and feeding-clutch for the carbon arranged to slide and to vibrate in the space between the two tubes and a solenoidcoil surrounding and supported on the outer tube.

8. In an electric-arc lamp, an air-tight receptacle wherein the carbons are adapted to be consumed and comprising a globe and a cover-plate, a tube joined at its lower end to said cover-plate and having its wall inwardly creased to form a vertical rib, and a cap or holder substantially cup-shaped to receive one of the carbons in its interior and having on its periphery a vertical channel arranged to slide on the rib of the tube.

9. In an electric-arc lamp, an air-tight receptacle wherein the carbons are adapted to be consumed and comprising a globe and a cover-plate, a tube joined at its lower end to said cover-plate and entering the receptacle, a cap hermetically closing the upper end of said tube, a rib formed vertically in the wall of said tube, a holder for the upper carbon arranged to slide within the tube and to be guided vertically therein by said rib, and a iiexible bond electrically connecting th holder to the cap of the tube.

10. In an electric-arc lamp, a teedin g mechanism for one of the carbons, asolenoid-core controlling said feeding mechanism, a solenoid-coil controlling said core, and a magnetizable piece located adjacent to the solenoid-coil and to the core, said piece adapted to be energized when the coil is energized and to exert its magnetic influence when energized upon the core to retard the movement of said core in response to the solenoid-coil.

l1. In an electric-arc lamp, a solenoid-coil, a combined split core and clutch adapted to be elevated and to be vibrated by said coil to constitute the feeding mechanism for one of the carbons, and a magnetic lag adapted to retard the vibratory and other movements of the core in response to the solenoid-coil.

I2. In an electric-arc lamp, a solenoid-coil, two concentric tubes around the outer of which the coil is located, a sectioned magnetic core and clutch constituting the feeding mechanism for one of the carbons, said core and IOO clutch arranged to slide and to vibrate in the space between the tubes under the innence In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence of two subserib- Io of the solenoid-coil, and a magnetic piece 10- ing witnesses.

cated adjacent to the core and to the solenoideoil, said piece adapted to be energized by said coil and when energized adapted to retard the movements of the core in response t0 the solenoid-coil.

JOHN A. HEANY.

Witnesses:

J. WALTER DoUGLAss, THOMAS M. SMITH. 

